Beneficiair aanvaarden, wat is het?

Om te beginnen, wat is beneficiair aanvaarden nou eigenlijk? Het beneficiair aanvaarden van een erfenis geeft bescherming voor een erfgenaam. Omdat hij/zij niet voor schulden van de overledene aansprakelijk is. Beneficiaire aanvaarding is dus veilig, maar het betekent wel dat je de formele, wettelijke ‘vereffeningsprocedure’ moet volgen.

Vereffening: wie mag er handelen namens de erfgenamen?

Alle erfgenamen van de nalatenschap dragen de verantwoordelijkheid voor de afwikkeling. Het volgen van de vereffingsprocedure vergt deskundigheid. Het is daarom handig om hiervoor een adviseur erbij te vragen, zodat deze de afwikkeling verzorgen. Dit kan handig zijn voor het hele beneficiair aanvaardingsproces.

Wat is het stappenplan?

  • Boedel beschrijving opmaken

Van de nalatenschap wordt met spoed een beschrijving gemaakt, waarin de schulden in voorlopige staat worden opgenomen.

  • Boedelbeschrijving ter inzage leggen

De boedelbeschrijving dient de vereffenaar ter inzake bij de griffie van de rechtbank te deponeren. Zo kunnen de belanghebbende schuldeisers de beschrijving inzien.

  • Negatieve nalatenschap melden aan kartonrechter

Wanneer een boedelbeschrijving is gemaakt, daarna zal het duidelijk zijn of de nalatenschap een positief of een negatief saldo kent. Van groot belang is de mededelingsplicht aan de kartonrechter in het geval dat de nalatenschap negatief is. Als het blijkt dat de schulden van de beneficiair aanvaarde nalatenschap de voordelen overtreffen, dan bestaat de verplichting om dit zo spoedig mogelijk door te geven aan de kartonrechter. De kartonrechter kan ik dit geval verdere instructies geven.

  • Oproepen schuldeisers

De wettelijke vereffening heeft als doel dat de schuldeisers van de nalatenschap op geordende wijze worden behandelt. Als er vervolgens nog wat overblijft, dan mogen de erfgenamen dat onderling verdelen. De vereffenaar dient de bekende schuldeisers per brief persoonlijk op te roepen. Dit houdt in dat de schuldeisers op de hoogte worden gesteld van het overlijden van de erflater (hun schuldenaar) en dat zij aan de vereffenaar moeten melden wat ze te vorderen hebben.

  • Oproeping in de krant (indien door kantonrechter bepaald)

Door de kantonrechter kan worden bepaald dat de vereffenaar de schuldeisers tevens openlijk dient op te roepen om hun vorderingen voor een bepaalde datum in te dienen. Deze openlijke oproeping vindt plaats in de Staatscourant en in een of meer door de kantonrechter aangewezen nieuwsbladen. 

  • Adres van schuldeiser onbekend? Melden aan kantonrechter!

Is het adres van een op te roepen schuldeiser onbekend, dan dient dit feit aan de kantonrechter te worden gemeld. De kantonrechter kan de vereffenaar dan aanwijzingen geven omtrent de opsporing van de schuldeiser.

  • Opsporen onbekende erfgenamen (ingeval van onbekende erfgenamen)

Het komt voor dat niet alle erfgenamen bekend zijn of dat er onzekerheid bestaat omtrent de aanwezigheid van één of meer erfgenamen. De wet verplicht de vereffenaar ertoe door oproepingen in veel gelezen dagbladen of door andere doelmatige middelen deze erfgenamen op te sporen. U kunt bijvoorbeeld denken aan familieleden in het buitenland die erfgenaam zijn. 

  • Opheffing beslag (indien van toepassing en nodig voor vereffening)

Op verzoek van de vereffenaar kunnen reeds gelegde beslagen, voor zover dat voor de vereffening nodig is, worden opgeheven. Een verzoek daartoe zal gericht moeten worden aan de kantonrechter van de laatste woonplaats van de overledene.

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